Scientists have used an X-ray detector on a sounding rocket, a type of research rocket that flies to the edge of space, then returns to Earth within minutes, to document metal dendrites—the branching structures that form as liquid metal cools—forming in microgravity conditions for the first time. By analyzing the images using machine learning, they reveal insights that could improve how metal components are solidified and manufactured.
Every metal object we make, from aircraft engines to surgical implants, begins as liquid metal that has to solidify. As it cools, structures called dendrites form inside, a bit like snowflakes growing within the metal. How these dendrites form determines the overall quality, strength and reliability of the finished component. Therefore, dendrite growth is a key question for manufacturers.
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