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Industry 4.0 is like Bitcoin to those in manufacturing. They have heard and talked about it, and most feel like they will be left behind if they don’t invest in it. At the same time, few are sure what Industry 4.0 is, why they need it, or even how to define it.

The best definition I’ve found comes from futurist Bernard Marr. He describes Industry 4.0—the Fourth Industrial Revolution—as a transformation of the way we produce products, thanks to the digitization of manufacturing. The first revolution was mechanization through water and steam power. The second was mass production and assembly that harnessed electricity. The third was the use of computers and automation. Industry 4.0 takes the computers and automation of Industry 3.0 and enhances them with smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine learning.

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